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The Ten Costliest and Bloodiest Battles of the American
Civil War:
Estimated Total Casualties (killed, wounded,
missing, and captured)
| Dead Soldiers' Remains at Cold Harbor Battlefield |

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| (The Casualties of War) |
Location: Pennsylvania Confederate Commander: Robert E. LeeUnion Commander: George G. Meade Confederate Forces Engaged: 75,054 Union Forces Engaged: 83,289 Winner:
Union Casualties: 51,000 (23,000 Union and 28,000 Confederate)
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Location: Georgia Confederate Commander: Braxton Bragg Union Commander:
William Rosecrans Confederate Forces Engaged: 66,326 Union Forces Engaged: 58,222 Winner: Confederacy Casualties:
34,624 (16,170 Union and 18,454 Confederate)
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#3
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House Date: May 8-21, 1864
Location: Virginia Confederate
Commander: Robert E. Lee Union Commander: Ulysses S. Grant Confederate Forces Engaged: 52,000 Union Forces Engaged: 100,000 Winner:
Confederacy Casualties: 30,000 (18,000 Union and 12,000 Confederate)
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#4
Battle of the Wilderness* Date: May 5-7, 1864
Location: Virginia Confederate Commander: Robert E.
Lee Union Commander: Ulysses S. Grant Confederate Forces Engaged: 61,025 Union Forces Engaged: 101,895 Winner:
Inconclusive Casualties: 29,800 (18,400 Union and 11,400 Confederate)
* Casualty sources vary greatly for Wilderness
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#5
Battle of Chancellorsville Date: April 30 - May 6, 1863
Location: Virginia Confederate Commander: Robert E.
Lee Union Commander: Joseph Hooker Confederate Forces Engaged: 57,352 Union Forces Engaged: 97,382 Winner:
Confederacy Casualties: 24,000 (14,000 Union and 10,000 Confederate)
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#6
Battle of Shiloh Date: April 6-7, 1862
Location: Tennessee Confederate Commander: Albert
Sidney Johnston and P. G. T. Beauregard Union Commander: Ulysses S. Grant Confederate Forces Engaged: 44,968
Union Forces Engaged: 65,085 Winner: Union Casualties: 23,746 (13,047 Union and 10,699 Confederate)
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Location: Tennessee Confederate Commander: Braxton
Bragg Union Commander: William S. Rosecrans Confederate Forces Engaged: 37,739 Union Forces Engaged: 41,400 Winner:
Union Casualties: 23,515 (13,249 Union and 10,266 Confederate)
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#8
Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)* Date: September 16-18, 1862
Location: Maryland Confederate Commander: Robert E.
Lee Union Commander: George B. McClellan Confederate Forces Engaged: 51,844 Union Forces Engaged: 75,316 Winner:
Inconclusive Casualties: 23,100 (12,400 Union and 10,700 Confederate)
* Excludes the Battle of South Mountain. Many, however, include
the Battle of South Mountain which would add an additional 4,500 casualties
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#9
Battle of Second Manassas (Second Bull Run) Date: August 28-30, 1862
Location: Virginia Confederate Commander: Robert E.
Lee Union Commander: John Pope Confederate Forces Engaged: 48,527 Union Forces Engaged: 75,696 Winner: Confederacy
Casualties: 22,180 (13,830 Union and 8,350 Confederate)
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#10
Battle of Vicksburg (Siege of Vicksburg)* Date: May 18 - July 4, 1863
Location: Mississippi Confederate Commander: John C. Pemberton Union
Commander: Ulysses S. Grant Confederate Forces Engaged: Army of Vicksburg Union Forces Engaged: Army of the Tennessee
Winner: Union Casualties: 19,233 (10,142 Union and 9,091 Confederate)
Source: National Park Service
Recommended Reading: Fields of Honor: Pivotal Battles of the Civil War,
by Edwin C. Bearss (Author), James McPherson (Introduction). Description: Bearss, a former chief historian of the National Parks Service and internationally
recognized American Civil War historian, chronicles 14 crucial battles, including Fort Sumter, Shiloh, Antietam, Gettysburg,
Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Sherman's march through the Carolinas, and Appomattox--the battles ranging between 1861 and 1865;
included is an introductory chapter describing John Brown's raid in October 1859. Bearss describes the terrain, tactics, strategies, personalities, the soldiers and the commanders.
(He personalizes the generals and politicians, sergeants and privates.) Continued below...
The text is augmented by 80 black-and-white photographs and 19 maps. It
is like touring the battlefields without leaving home. A must for every one of America's countless Civil War buffs,
this major work will stand as an important reference and enduring legacy of a great historian for generations to come. "This
stout volume covers not only the pivotal American Civil War battles, but also the bloodiest and costliest battles." Also
available in hardcover: Fields of Honor: Pivotal Battles of the Civil War .
Advance to:
Recommended Reading:
The Civil War Battlefield Guide: The Definitive Guide, Completely Revised, with New Maps
and More Than 300 Additional Battles (Second Edition) (Hardcover). Description:
This new edition of the definitive guide to Civil War battlefields is really a completely new book. While the first edition
covered 60 major battlefields, from Fort Sumter to Appomattox, the second covers
all of the 384 designated as the "principal battlefields" in the American Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report.
As in the first edition, the essays are authoritative and concise, written by such leading Civil War historians as James
M. McPherson, Stephen W. Sears, Edwin C. Bearss, James I. Robinson, Jr., and Gary W. Gallager. Continued below...
The second edition also features 83 new four-color maps covering the most important battles. The Civil War
Battlefield Guide is an essential reference for anyone interested in the Civil War. "Reading this book is like being
at the bloodiest battles of the war..."
Recommended
Reading: This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American
Civil War. Editorial Review from
Publishers Weekly: Battle is the dramatic centerpiece of Civil War history; this penetrating study looks instead
at the somber aftermath. Historian Faust (Mothers of Invention) notes that the Civil War introduced America to death on an unprecedented scale and of an unnatural kind—grisly,
random and often ending in an unmarked grave far from home. Continued below...
She surveys
the many ways the Civil War generation coped with the trauma: the concept of the Good Death—conscious, composed and
at peace with God; the rise of the embalming industry; the sad attempts of the bereaved to get confirmation of a soldier's
death, sometimes years after war's end; the swelling national movement to recover soldiers' remains and give them decent burials;
the intellectual quest to find meaning—or its absence—in the war's carnage. In the process, she contends, the
nation invented the modern culture of reverence for military death and used the fallen to elaborate its new concern for individual
rights. Faust exhumes a wealth of material—condolence letters, funeral sermons, ads for mourning dresses, poems and
stories from Civil War–era writers—to flesh out her lucid account. The result is an insightful, often moving portrait
of a people torn by grief.
Recommended
Reading: Gangrene and Glory: Medical
Care during the American Civil War (University of
Illinois Press). Description:
Gangrene and Glory covers practically every aspect of the 'medical related issues' in the Civil War
and it illuminates the key players in the development and advancement of medicine and medical treatment. Regarding the numerous
diseases and surgical procedures, Author Frank Freemon discusses what transpired both on and off the battlefield. Continued
below...
The Journal of the American Medical Association states: “In
Freemon's vivid account, one almost sees the pus, putrefaction, blood, and maggots and . . . the unbearable pain and suffering.”
Interesting historical accounts, statistical data, and pictures enhance this book. This research is not
limited to the Civil War buff, it is a must read for the individual interested in medicine, medical procedures and surgery,
as well as some of the pioneers--the surgeons that foreshadowed our modern medicine.
Editor's Choice: The Civil War - A Film by Ken Burns. Review: The
Civil War - A Film by Ken Burns is the most successful public-television miniseries in American history. The 11-hour Civil War didn't just captivate a nation,
reteaching to us our history in narrative terms; it actually also invented a new film language taken from its creator. When
people describe documentaries using the "Ken Burns approach," its style is understood: voice-over narrators reading letters
and documents dramatically and stating the writer's name at their conclusion, fresh live footage of places juxtaposed with
still images (photographs, paintings, maps, prints), anecdotal interviews, and romantic musical scores taken from the era
he depicts. Continued below...
The Civil War uses all of these devices to evoke atmosphere and resurrect an event that many knew
only from stale history books. While Burns is a historian, a researcher, and a documentarian, he's above all a gifted storyteller,
and it's his narrative powers that give this chronicle its beauty, overwhelming emotion, and devastating horror. Using the
words of old letters, eloquently read by a variety of celebrities, the stories of historians like Shelby Foote and rare, stained
photos, Burns allows us not only to relearn and finally understand our history, but also to feel and experience it. "Hailed
as a film masterpiece and landmark in historical storytelling." "[S]hould be a requirement for every
student."
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