American Civil War Desertion, Desertions, and Deserters: Homepage
"Execution of a Civil War Deserter"
(The Soldier in Our Civil War , 1893)
Civil
War: Deserter, Desertion and AWOL
One of the basic rules in studying history is to “define the terms.” In today's military,
for example, we interchange "AWOL" (absent without leave) and "desertion," thus making them one and the same. During
the Civil War, that was not the case. One error that many buffs and researchers make is that they
equate AWOL with desertion. During the Civil War: 1) Absent without leave (AWOL) simply meant that the soldier was not on
leave but was absent from the unit’s specific muster location. In other words, the soldier was “absent”
for a reason other than “leave.” He may have been on recruiting duty, foraging orders, detached duty (assignment),
sick at home, rounding up deserters, in the hospital, at headquarters, etc. 2) On the other hand, when the soldier deserted
or abandoned his unit, the records were very specific and reflected “deserted,” and not AWOL. (However, if the soldier was AWOL beyond the allotted time, then
he was likely pronounced a "deserter.")
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